Author: Ile Strategies

Community Developer Pioneer Green Affordable Housing in the Bronx

Green Buildings and Climate Resilience

Photo: 425 Grand Concourse, an award-winning PHIUS Passive House certified development, co-developed by MBD Community Housing Corp. Photo Courtesy of MBD. Photographer: Onaje Scott, Nashish Photography.

Photo: Entrance to Hostos, CUNY Academic Advising Center at 425 Grand Concourse. Photo Courtesy of MBD Community Housing Corp. Photography by Onaje Scott, Nashish Photography

For Climate Week 2023, ILE Strategies is celebrating MBD Community Housing Corp*. for their pioneering work in the development of 425 Grand Concourse in the Crotona Park section of Bronx, NY.  The development is the largest certified Passive House (PHIUS) development in North America to date.

We recently had an opportunity to speak with the organization’s visionary leader, Derrick Lovett, President and CEO of MBD, about the nuts and bolts of pulling a project like this together.

“425 Grand Concourse is an example of what’s possible when we work across sectors and put our heads together to come up with solutions to housing, economic, and environmental challenges,” says Lovett. “In the face of terrible air quality, the nation’s highest rates of asthma among children, and disproportionate homelessness, this project is a model for addressing many concerns at once.”

Completed in 2022, the development is a unique partnership between nonprofit, public, private, education, and medical partners. The site boasts 277 units of affordable housing, a much-needed medical center, and an educational facility for CUNY Hostos students.

Photo: November 2022 – Derrick Lovett, CEO of MBD (front, middle) with partners and community members at Ribbon cutting ceremony for 425 Grand Concourse. Photo courtesy of NYC Housing Preservation and Development.

Designed by Dattner Architects, the 26-story building consumes 70% less energy than conventional housing of its size, reducing carbon emissions in an area plagued with one of the highest levels of childhood asthma rates in the United States. Completed in 2022, project partners for this $178.5 million development include Trinity Financial (co-developer), NYC Housing Development Corporation, and Citibank.

Since its inception nearly 50 years ago, MBD has always been on the cutting edge. Responding to the failures of early federal policy to address blight in urban areas, community activists, naming themselves Mid-Bronx Desperadoes took matters into their own hands and developed a demolished city block in their neighborhood and transformed it into a haven of tree lined streets, with affordable single family homes.

View East along Charlotte Street from Boston Rd., Bronx, 2009

Photo: Aerial view of Charlotte Street, after revitalization by MBD Community Housing Corp, this project is one of the first activist-led, single family affordable homeownership development in NYC. Many of the original families are still in their homes and courtesy of NYPL. 

Ronald Reagan South Bronx | Ephemeral New York

Photo: President Jimmy Carter visits the ruins of  Charlotte Street Bronx NY in 1977. MBD Community Housing Corp (also known as Mid-Bronx Desperados) redeveloped this site, pioneering community-led development as a response to failed federal policy. Photo courtesy of Library of Congress. 

 

View east along Charlotte St. from Boston Rd., Bronx, 1981

Photo: Charlotte Street, and many areas like it stood, blighted, gutted and neglected for decades prior to the emergence of groups like MBD. The organization continues to take on the toughest challenges in addressing quality of life, housing, the social needs of seniors and climate change mitigation and adaptation. 

From there MBD developed several more affordable housing housing sites, renovating blighted buildings, developing the neighborhood’s first major shopping center and catalyzing other economic activity across the Bronx. 

Although MBD and their development partners have received well-deserved recognition for  425 Grand Concourse, the organization, approaching its 50th anniversary next year, does not have any plans to stop there.

“We have several renovation projects in the pipeline,” says Lovett, “with an eye on upgrading building systems and using every measure available to reduce the carbon footprint, improve building performance, which in turn results in enhancing the quality of life for our residents and the local community.”

*Disclosure: We have a professional relationship with MBD Community Housing Corp as our client.

Ethiopian Business Delegation Visits Harlem’s Economic Development Leaders

Uncategorized

 

Meeting Delegation of Ethiopian Business Leaders in Harlem Sept 2023

Ethiopian Business Delegation Visits Harlem’s Economic Development Leaders 

By Anasa Scott- Laude

Though it is quite warm as I am writing this, Summer has officially ended. I have a lot to say about recent climate events but I will keep this message upbeat. 

I was honored to join Harlem CDC and NY Women’s Chamber of Commerce for a meeting with a delegation of business leaders from Ethiopia. Highlights of the meeting at Harlem CDC headquarters included the efforts of Chambers of Commerce across Ethiopia seeking to expand the role of women in trade, expand trade relations through strategic alliances with important commercial hubs in the city and address the impact of climate change on the nation’s livelihood and agriculture. Ethiopia is the world’s largest producer and export of coffee and we learned about the many layers of social, environmental and economic issues along the supply chain.

Quenia Abreu, Executive Director of the NY Women’s Chamber of Commerce (I serve as a board member) shared the organization’s best practices in advocacy and training for minority women in business. The chamber has hosted delegations from Asia and South America and was instrumental in establishing a Women’s Chamber of Commerce in Chile. 

Curtis Archer, Executive Director of Harlem CDC shared highlights of the organization’s programs supporting small businesses and the development of the Victoria Theater, a mixed-use development with affordable housing, the theater and other commercial uses. 

I spoke of ILE’s work supporting developers with implementing green features in their developments, working with clients on projects in the pipeline. The delegation was especially interested in our work in East Africa, supporting social entrepreneurs focused on climate change adaptation. We have been honored to work with young leaders in Uganda who are innovating solutions for food security, especially among women and girls. We hope to forge a partnership to support some of the emerging women-led businesses in Ethiopia’s coffee trade. 

Other News

African leaders will be in town for the US Africa Trade event in NYC. Mayor Adams will be hosting delegations from Africa to discuss business opportunities. ILE has been working with organizers behind the scenes and we hope to be able to attend at least one of the sessions if time permits. 

These engagements will be key in devising shared solutions on climate change and the economy for our collective prosperity.

Speaking of climate change …. Climate week is here and we will be sharing some tools and templates for engaging staff and community in the ever so complex but much needed green transition. Since I have been sitting in on a number of construction and finance meetings, I found myself struggling to keep up with all of the regs and fund application requirements for green financing and I would like to make that process easier for you!

Until then, wishing you all a joyous early Fall season with your loved ones!

##

Community-led Economic and Climate Change Resilience in Kampala, Uganda

Uncategorized

Video: Case Study of Community-led and Innovation Resilience 

ILE Strategies is excited to share the work of our fellow Patrick Mujuzi founder of Ghetto Research Lab. Patrick is co-designing innovative solutions for climate change resiliency and economic mobility in the slums of Uganda.

Special thanks to Nandyowa Joanita for leading GRL’s digital marketing strategy, to the Aga Khan Foundation and Early Years Foundation for supporting GRL’s work.

 

 

 

IRA Funding: 4 Tips on Identifying and Securing Investments for Your CBO

Uncategorized

The Inflation Reduction Act could result in funding for community based organizations to make housing and neighborhoods healthier, more sustainable and economically viable. 

IRA also help put us within reach of our nation’s climate commitment to cut carbon pollution by 50% by 2030 to prevent further global warming – and climate conditions that could many of us at risk.

At ILE we share the concern that many climate change activists have expressed about allocations in the bill to further fossil fuel production. However, if we take advantage of the investments we have been offered, we can work to offset the negatives. We can protect our communities and get the resources we need to adapt to the climate change already upon us while also doing our part to mitigate GHG and reduce further harm. – Harm that is disproportionately felt by low-income communities and communities of color, aptly known as “frontline communities”. 

So how can you access IRA funds?

At ILE Strategies have some experience in the climate change and community-development funding landscape. Our work as included securing and managing federal funds as well as working on community-university partnerships on climate change and environmental justice.  

Drawing from our experience here are some tips: 

  1. Review your current programs and planned projects and look for ways to integrate climate mitigation and adaptation, contact the corresponding local, state and federal agency for opportunities for funding. The Justice40 initiative seeks to improve allocation of federal funds by prioritizing zip codes with predominantly low-income populations.

The White House Council on Environmental Equality has convened several meetings and has assembled a network of grassroots environmental justice experts as well as scientists and foundations to help guide community based organizations through the federal contracting process.

2. Partner with local environmental justice, ESG finance experts, climate change researchers including academic partners to build capacity and amplify your efforts collectively.

3. Submit a well-designed, evidence-based proposal to appropriate government agencies.

4. Publicize and promote your efforts to keep your community informed and to attract more stakeholders and support. The more of us working together and aligning our efforts, the greater our chances in successfully reducing GHGs and making our communities and planet safer for many generations into the future.

ILE Strategies Background in Climate Resiliency, Sustainable Economic Development: 

Our co-founder, Anasa, spent 20 years securing public and private funding for sustainable community development and has served 15 years in academia teaching and leading campus-community based partnerships on climate and economic resiliency projects. She is a featured lecturer on the internationally renowned Healthy Affordable Housing course online developed by the Healthy Materials Lab (HML)  at New School University/ Parsons School of Design Strategies. In addition to supporting fund development, Anasa has also facilitated sustainable building management training and conferences with WeACT for Environmental Justice, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, SolarOne and a host of other partners.

Contact ILE Strategies to explore opportunities to support your resource development efforts in building climate resilient communities. #

Unlocking Federal Funding for Community Climate Resilience and Mitigation

Uncategorized
Image: Wildfires, dangerous floods and extreme heat. The impact of climate change has been felt across the globe. 

 

Back in August Anasa Laude our Managing Partner shared a post on medium about the billions of dollars in unspent federal funding allocated for climate mitigation, resiliency and post-disaster recovery. 

We have an upcoming forum with key leaders in New York to discuss these challenges. Stay tuned. 

In the meantime check out our short post on medium.

 

Toolkit: Leading in Times of Uncertainty

Strategic Planning

ILE Strategy – A Toolkit for Social Impact Leaders

 

Are you a leader navigating new challenges? Perhaps our strategy toolkit can help. Drawing on a range of planning frameworks this toolkit includes templates and frameworks to facilitate effective communication and planning with your team as you:

-Assess external issues influencing your organization
-Revisit and restructure your strategic plan
-Assign roles for action planning
-Evaluate internal processes
-Prioritize incremental process change
and/or
Report process improvement outcomes.

Download the toolkit as a Powerpoint (editable/fillable) or as a
PDF.

It just so happens as we were uploading this toolkit we came across a publication by Sequoia Capital on the 4Cs of Leadership in Uncertain Times, targeting their startup grantees. Use this as inspiration or as a set of core values as you work through planning exercises with your team.

“These are the 4 C’s of leadership in uncertain times: ○As you communicate with your teams, you need to remember that especially in times like this, you have a megaphone in front of you. What you say is amplified. ○You need to deliver your message with conviction. ○You need confidence but also a sense of calmness. You must be optimistic, but also a realist.”

Reach out to us and let us know whether these resources are helpful. We would like to hear from you.

Also, for more resources complete the form below so you’ll be notified as soon as we add more content.

  •  

Shield Your Organization From the “Great Resignation”

Strategic Planning

Employers are struggling to keep staff around, amidst the “Great Resignation”. Many organizations believe that raises and promotions are key to employee satisfaction. But this may not be what actually motivates people to stick around and take ownership of their role.

In his book Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Dan Pink identifies three important factors for motivating employees that could be missing at many organizations.

They include purpose, mastery and autonomy.

Now don’t get me wrong. Raises and promotion are important. They signal to employees that they are valued and that their work is appreciated.

But staff also desire to understand and be in agreement with why the work is being done (purpose). They want the opportunity to develop important competencies (mastery). And, they want to be perceived as being competent and trust-worthy enough for self-governance (autonomy).

These are deeply human needs, as Pink explains.

Ironically, a raise and promotion provided in isolation may prompt an exit. – Since the accolades build the confidence needed to pursue opportunities that are more aligned with their goals.

Getting in sync with staff and what drives them requires doing regular checkins about company culture and fixing gaps through incremental adjustments. It’s best to make these shifts in partnership with the team to allow for ownership of the process (and accountability).

The results may improve productivity and organizational culture overall.

Policy Insights – Creating Homeownership Opportunities in Hot Real Estate Markets

Local Economies

AFFORDABLE HOME COOPERATIVES: CREATING HOMEOWNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES IN HOT REAL ESTATE MARKETS

This post is part of a lecture series I’ve conducted on affordable homeownership development and finance.

In the United States homeownership is a major vehicle for wealth accumulation. For many, it is the primary means of acquiring and maintaining economic mobility.

As described by Brookings: Wealth differs from income in that it serves three major purposes: (1) Wealth provides households with buffers during economic shocks. For instance during periods of unemployment, assets can be drawn down for emergency needs. (2) Wealth is a means for ensuring economic stability for future generations. (3) Finally, financial gains from personal assets are taxed at a lower rate than wages.

In 2017 the average homeowner boasted a net worth of($195,400) that is 36 times that of the average renter ($5,400).

Unfortunately, for many Americans the accumulation of wealth and its benefits through homeownership are out of reach due to highly speculative real estate markets, socioeconomic factors or race.

Among prospective first-time buyers highly speculative real estate markets has pushed homeownership further and further out of reach. Renters seeking homeownership are seeing an increase in household expenses especially in, well…rent! This makes it difficult for households to stash away savings for a downpayment on a home. As recently reported by the Washington Post, dozens of major cities across the nation are seeing annual costs and rental costs rise by 30% percent — for instance 34% increase in rents in Fort Lauderdale, 35% in New York City and 40% in Austin, Texas.

For Millennials and younger generations, homeownership is becoming less and less attainable.

Just as rents are skyrocketing, home prices are also through the roof. As reported by the National Association of Realtors, the

median price for a single-family home $358,000.

Economic Factors Impacting Home Affordability

Home Supply Deficit

In a nationwide survey of nearly 7,000 prospective homebuyers, researchers at Point2 found that 74% of Millennials who are interested in purchasing a home would like to do so in the next 12 months. However, 88% of respondents ages 25 to 40 have significantly less in savings than the average national down payment amount.

In 27 Markets, Millennials Need 5–10 years to save enough for a downpayment.

For Millennials and younger generations, homeownership is becoming less and less attainable.

This age group has suffered through two major economic recession since entering the labor force and are reported to not have benefited from the earnings and savings of prior generations at their age.

Advocacy and persistence among elected officials, local housing agencies community-based and mission-based private sector developers are needed to expand affordable homeownership development activity as well as affordable housing overall.

Racial Discrimination Exacerbates the Issue

Even for renters who could potentially afford a home, housing discrimination and systemic racism keeps homeownership out of reach.

In 2019 New York Newsday published the results of athree-year undercover investigationwhich found widespread evidence of unequal treatment by real estate agents in Long Island, NY. Recorded interactions with 93 real estate agents showed blatant violations of fair housing laws with Black homebuyers 49% likely to be treated unequally; researchers reported unfair treatment of Latinos at 39% and Asians at 19%.

Investment in Local Community-Based Homeownership Development

For decades community-based nonprofit developers and mission-based for profit developers have been instrumental in building and preserving housing for low- and moderate-income households — including affordable homeownership.

In dense urban areas like New York City, cooperative development and homebuyer downpayment assistance can make purchasing more feasible for many. Though many housing coops units can sell very high on the open market, affordable homeownership typically targets working households earning at or below 80% of HUD’s area median income. Deed restrictions or community land trusts protect affordability long-term. Real estate tax abatements can substantially reduce expenses.

There are also housing cooperatives developments targeting moderate and middle-income first time buyers. These developments still offer below market purchase options, but unlike the limited equity cooperatives — buyers of these cooperatives have the opportunity accumulate and capture equity after a period of time. Subsidies on these projects are treated as a lien or as a forgivable mortgage. Deed restrictions and tax abatements are temporary for these projects.

Expanding Affordable Housing Cooperative Opportunities

Unfortunately, affordable projects and programs currently in the pipeline are no where near filling the gap in need. In fact, the need is so great, that developers use lotteries to select buyers.

Advocacy and persistence is needed among elected officials, particularly congressional leaders who can expand subsidies for homeownership development, and ease restrictions for federal grants. At the local level, housing agencies community-based and mission-based private sector developers can identify underutilized public and private property to expand affordable homeownership development activity as well as affordable housing overall.

Environment, climate resilience and social determinants of health are taken into consideration in affordable homeownership developments. For instance, in some cities, like New York all new major housing developments, including homeownership developments, require sustainability measures which reduces carbon emissions, while reducing energy and water usage and costs.

The diagrams below describe key aspects of affordable cooperative development. In most cases a mix of public and private funds are needed. An allocation of federal and state funding makes a project attractive to banks and investors that have below market rates and termsfor affordable housing development.

There are hundreds of affordable cooperative developments across the United States. And even in other parts of the world like Europe. I have toured homes in Slovenia for instance where 92% of apartments are privately owned. In NYC we have worked on securing funding for construction for affordable multi-family homeownership 1–4 family homes and cooperatives. I have worked with nonprofit developers secure and disperse funding for first-time homebuyer grants and low-cost end loans for the final purchases.

Homeownership is key to economic and social mobility for many Americans. It protects low- and moderate-income families against displacement due to gentrification. There are many avenues for creating homeownership opportunities across income levels. As we look towards rebuilding the economy with a focus on equity, we should explore as many avenues as possible to make homeownership a viable opportunity for as many citizens as possible.

Policy Insights – Addressing The Health and Climate Crises Requires Fixing STEM Education

Local Economies

STEM Education in the US

The United States seeks to expand tech competitiveness through a number of policy measures and fund allocations in the coming decades. However these measures, from our analysis, does little to address the challenges of those who largely comprise our future workforce, including current middle, high school and college students attending public schools. Millions of students across the country live in what has been termed STEM deserts  –  lack of tech access, meaningful STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) education and face increasing tech-driven marginalization. 

More important than our quest for tech dominance is having students well-equipped for work in STEM fields to avoid workforce deficiencies in numerous sectors important to citizens’ wellbeing such as health care, climate change resilience and cybersecurity.  

These challenges exist in a school system that was not designed to promote equitable opportunities and outcomes. 

The existence of STEM deserts is a critical equity issue in education and overall economic wellbeing, particularly for students in urban and rural communities, where access to high-level math and science courses are often out of reach. A small percentage of schools across the country offer computer science instructors and well-equipped technology labs required for adequate instruction. The pandemic and the need for remote learning revealed the staggering number of students who have limited access to secure and consistent broadband and personal computing devices. These challenges exist in a school system “that was not designed to promote equitable opportunities and outcomes”, as stated by Pamela Cantor, AFT.  

Soon, the impact of students learning STEM deserts and inadequate school environments will not only be reflected in those students’ high school and college completion rates and career prospects, but it will also take a toll on the country’s economic competitiveness technological leadership and national security.

Policy Insights : US Innovation of Competition Act of 2021

The US Senate recently passed the US innovation and competition Act of 2021 a $250 billion bill focused on investments in the technology sector with the aim of bolstering the country’s global competitiveness in advanced technological development. The bill also provides directive for an overhaul of the National Science Foundation a federal agency that promotes and advances scientific research.   Though a quarter of trillion in US-backed tech investment is nothing to sneeze at, China’s  investments far exceeds that of the US. China has a massive plan to surpass the US as a premier tech producer 2050. According to an analysis by the FBI, China allocated 15% of its gross domestic product on improving human resources from 2008 to 2020. China has already exceeded many strategic priorities for recruitment in foreign talent and state-backed venture capital investments. Comparatively the US innovation and competition Act of 2021  is a drop in the bucket representing a little over 1% of US GDP. 

Investment in developing and recruiting STEM must include significantly more funding and investments in education and technology access for all citizens. 17 million Americans lack access to broadband technology. And millions more are “under-connected” with limited access to devices or unreliable broadband access. According to a report by New America the majority of students learning remotely this year experienced disruptions in their education due to being under-connected. More than half (53 percent) of remote students experienced one of these type disruptions at some point during the past year.

Fund allocations should include support and rewards for entities working to improve equity in STEM education access, including local and state government agencies, community-based organizations and small businesses.

As explained in a 2019 Code.org Advocacy Coalition report: in most states, computer science is a new subject. In order to make computer science a fundamental part of the education system, states will need to create roadmaps to address a number of policy and implementation issues.  Having articulated goals for computer science education and strategies will be key. Equitable access to K–12 culturally-relevant and affirming computer science education must be at the foundation of our states’ plans. 

Computer science education is crucial for processing vasts amounts of data that will contribute to greater understanding and monitoring of pandemics, climate change and resiliency measures, cybersecurity among other important societal issues. 

Boosting Public Investments in Holistic STEM Education

 If our gaps in STEM education are left unaddressed, we will continue to exclude entire populations from this fast-growing field and miss out on the innovations and contributions that diversity promotes.

While academics continuously conduct advocacy and research around high quality STEM education access efforts to to date lack engagement of parents and communities. Students’ communities are the the environment in which students live, play and socialize. These environments play a major role in student success in STEM learning. Community-based organizations have a large role to play here. They are on the frontlines of filling gaps in public services. They provide safe spaces for children after school, with homework and tutoring support. They connect families job training and social benefits.  While there are some successful partnerships between schools and CBOs providing supplemental tech training, these relationships are not institutionalized and lack sustainable funding needed for such collaborations. 

School environments are typically staff-centered with minimal community engagement. Culturally-relevant and affirming curricula is frowned upon (i.e the highly politicized debate around critical race theory). Test scores rule with little attention to whether students retain and apply knowledge. Schools have limited capacity and time for student engagement, but are often giving the green light to out-source admin and “innovative” learning projects to external corporate contractors. Students and teachers who fall out of line with this model are punished. Black children in particular suffer greatly under this model.  

As Pamela Cantor poignantly outlines a framework to guide the transformation of learning settings for children and adolescents in the Fall 2021 issue of AFT’s magazine to create holistic environments for learning that centers students’ experiences and communities. Cantor sites guiding principles such as positive developmental relationships, environments filled with safety and belonging, rich learning experiences and knowledge development, development of skills, habits and mindsets and integrated support systems. 

Applying these principles in a STEM classroom would require student-centered teaching using inquiry and project based learning in classrooms and in enrichment programs in their communities. In lieu of test scores, knowledge proficiency could be measured using frameworks such as Funds of Knowledge and Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences which personalizes learning. Finally local community organizations and small businesses would be engaged in providing additional coaching, mentoring, safe spaces to study and apprenticeships. 

A Note on the Infrastructure Bill and the Build Back Better Act  

At the time of this post, the $1.75 trillion infrastructure bill that President Biden hopes to get through Congress is supposed to expand job creation and generate opportunities across many industries. It also includes efforts to expand access to broadband for communities with limited or no connectivity. The paradox here is that among the industries to be tapped to complete this work (namely construction and tech workers), there is a labor crisis due to the rapidly dwindling workforce to complete the work outlined in the bill. 

The Build Back Better Act according to the House Committee Education and Labor highlights many key areas of social support for working families. And while it addresses much needed funding for preschool and higher education there is limited fund allocation for K-12 education and STEM education. 

We will continue to update this post as these details unfold. Are you an educator, advocate, tech worker or small business? Email us and share your perspective.

##

References:

US News. The US Must Address Disparities in Access to STEM Education. (2017)

US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs

Staff Report: Threats to the US Research Enterprise: China’s Talent Recruitment Program

Advocacy.org 2019 State of Computer Science

Cantor, Pamela, MD All Children Thriving: A new purpose for education. AFT, American Educator, A Journal of Educational Equity, Research and Ideas,  Fall 2021

Build Back Better Act Education and Labor Committee Provisions. November 2021. https://edlabor.house.gov/imo/media/doc/2021-11-03%20Ed%20&%20Labor%20BBB%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

 

 

We Need Business Cooperatives Now More Than Ever – A Slideshow

Local Economies

Data published by the Small Business Administration (SBA) late last year revealed that more than half of PPP funding went to just five percent of recipients. As reported in the New York Times a quarter of the dollars disbursed went to the top one percent despite the $349 billion program’s aim to ease some of the financial burden for the nation’s smallest businesses.

Public policy drives wealth in the United States. Business cooperatives are proven models for lifting up and sustaining marginalized communities during crisis. In our featured slideshow we highlight the economics of cooperatives, the role of public policy in wealth inequality and how shifts in public funding can expand access to collective economies for those who need it most. 

The post below has been presented to corporate and community-based leaders with aim of expanding understanding of cooperatives and their role in the global economy. 

How does the current economic crisis fit into historic context (i.e. the Great Recession) and what will be the long-lasting economic consequences for everyday citizens.  – Brookings Report July 2020

In the USA and overseas, cooperatives have excellent track record of economic resilience and success that should be targeted for public and private funding and procurement opportunities.